The accepted conventions for use of marine radio are collectively termed "proper operating procedure."
These conventions include:
o Listening for 2 minutes before transmitting
o Using Channel 16 only to establish communication (if necessary) and then switch to a different channel, using a set of international "calling" procedures such as the "Mayday" distress call, the "Pan-pan" urgency call and "Securité" navigational hazard call.
o Using "pro-words" based on the English language –
o Acknowledge,
o All after,
o All before,
o All stations,
o Confirm,
o Correct,
o Correction,
o In figures,
o In letters,
o Over,
o Out,
o Radio check,
o Read back,
o Received,
o Repeat,
o Say again,
o Spell,
o Standby,
o Station calling,
o This is,
o Wait,
o Word after,
o Word before,
o Wrong
o Using the NATO phonetic alphabet: (see later)
o Using a phonetic numbering system based on English
VHF Marine Radios: VHF marine radios are a great asset to all who use them. They are not chat lines however, and should be used for working messages only. Misuse of the equipment could disrupt other users within the area. All VHF radio users are legally required to hold an operators licence and he vessel to which the radio is fitted must have a ship radio licence. A 'station' is a term for a VHF Radio. As a general rule listen to the channel for 30 seconds before transmitting to ensure it is not already in use.
The Radio: All marine radio equipment must be approved according to government specifications. There is a maximum power output of 25W although 1W is usually sufficient for most activities other than distress calls or public correspondence.
Channel Purpose:
• 16 International Distress, safety and calling
• 6 Primary Inter ship
• 8, 72, 77 Inter ship
• 12, 14 Port Operations
• 67 Small Craft safety
• M, M2 Marina Special Licence
• 2, 24, 26, 28 Ship to shore (public correspondence)
• 6, 67, 73 Search And Rescue Co-ordination
VHF Signals: The range of VHF is line of sight and has an Inter-ship range of 15-25 miles. Ship to shore range is about 30-50 miles.
Dual Watch (D/W): a facility that allows you to monitor two channels via switching. Do not transmit on dual watch.
Digital Selective Calling: uses CRS but requires an additional kit for the radio set.
Capture Effect: when a receiver within range of two stations will receive only the more powerful or closer signal, the other signal will be lost.
Aerials - should be high and upright and clear of other aerials by at least 1M. An emergency aerial should also be carried.
Control of Communication
o Ship to shore - coast radio station
o Inter-ship - station calling
o Search and Rescue - Vessel in distress, relay station, Coastguard, on scene vessel / aircraft
Duration of Calls
o Test Call / Radio Check - 10 sec
o Calling on Channel 16 - 1 min
o Calling again on Channel 16 - 3 min
o Listen on channel before calling - 30 sec
Distress calls: Coastguard use GMT all year round. Each station has an obligation to respond to a distress call: write down time, name, position, nature of distress, no of people on board and additional information.
If the Coastguard says 'wait' this means they will respond within 10 minutes.
Any longer than that should be given a reason prior. Only repeat things three times if it is a distress call.
Otherwise use their name once and your name twice. Distress calls should make the following 7 points in order:
o Distress call
o Identity
o Position (Note that the position is given in geographical area as distance 'from object' not 'to object' when working out bearing. Otherwise use Lat. and Long.)
o Nature of distress
o Information for search and rescue
o Invitation to reply
o Message Meaning
o Mayday (Distress)
Definition: When a vessel or person is in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance - fire, accident damage, lee shore situation (under lee shore is when you are sheltered by the shore), diver not surfaced, man lost overboard, person is gravely ill.
Example:
Mayday
MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY.
This is CRYPTIC, CRYPTIC, CRYPTIC,
MAYDAY CRYPTIC,
My position is: 180 degrees, one mile from buoy number 1.
I am sinking and require immediate assistance
Four crew members on board, all safety equipment and
EPIRB at 406 MHz
Mayday Relay: Mayday relays are transmitted when the station in distress cannot itself transmit a distress signal or when, although not in a position to assist a distress message is heard that has not been acknowledged. Example:
MAYDAY RELAY, MAYDAY RELAY, MAYDAY RELAY.
This is Yacht CRYPTIC, Yacht CRYPTIC, Yacht CRYPTIC,
MAYDAY Evelyn Rose.
Position is: 180 degrees, one mile from buoy number 1.
Yacht sinking and requires immediate assistance
Four crew members on board, all safety equipment and
EPIRB at 406 MHz
Pan Pan: When a station has a very urgent message to transmit concerning safety of a ship, aircraft or person.
Example:
PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN
Hello all stations, Hello all stations, Hello all stations
This is Yacht CRYPTIC, Yacht CRYPTIC, Yacht CRYPTIC,
My position is: 180 degrees, one mile from buoy number 1.
I have been in a collision and require assistance of a tug
Seelonce Mayday: Radio Silence: Imposing radio silence by controlling station
Seelonce Distress: Radio Silence: Issued by other station
Example:
MAYDAY - SEELONCE MAYDAY, SEELONCE MAYDAY, SEELONCE MAYDAY.
This is Severn Radio - Severn Radio - Out
Prudonce
Seelonce Feenee
Securite
Security, Security, Security
Hello all stations, Hello all stations, Hello all stations
This is Evelyn Rose, Evelyn Rose, Evelyn Rose
My position is: 180 degrees, one mile from buoy number 1.
My engine has broken down and I am anchoring in a southbound traffic lane, Request ships keep clear, over.
NAME OF SHIP....................... CALL SIGN...................................
DISTRESS TRANSMITTING PROCEDURES
(For use only when Immediate Assistance required)
1.Ensure transmitter is switched to 156.8MHz.
2. If possible transmit two tone Alarm Signal for 1/2 to 1 minute.
3. Then say:
MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY
THIS IS..................... (Ship's name or call sign 3 times).......... MAYDAY
followed by ship's name or call sign
POSITION...............................................
Nature of distress....................................
Aid required............................... OVER
4. Listen for a reply and if none repeat above procedure, particularly during the 3-
minute silence period commencing at each hour and half-hour.
Example - If possible Alarm Signal followed by:
MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY.
This is EVELYN ROSE, EVELYN ROSE, EVELYN ROSE
MAYDAY, EVELYN ROSE
Position: 54 24 north 018 33 West.
I am on fire and require immediate assistance. OVER.
Common Terminology
All after - used after the proword 'SAY AGAIN' to request a repetition of a portion of a message.
All before - used after the proword 'SAY AGAIN to request a repetition of a portion of a message.
Correct - reply to repetition of a message that has been proceded by the proword's READ BACK FOR CHECK when it has been correctly repeated.
Correction - spoken during the transmission of a message means - An error has been made in this transmission. Cancel the last word or group. The correct word or group follows.
In Figures - the following numeral or-group of numerals are to be written as figures.
In Letters - the following numeral or group of numerals are to be written in letters as spoken.
I Read Back - if the receiving station is doubtful about the accuracy of the whole or any part of a message it may repeat it back to the sending station, preceding the repetition with the proword's I READ BACK
I State Again - I am repeating transmission or potion indicated.
I Spell - I shall spell the next word or group of letters phonetically.
Out - this is the end of working to you. The end of work between two stations is indicated by each station adding the word OUT at the end of the last reply.
Over - the invitation to reply. Note that the' phrase OVER AND OUT is never used.
Radio Check - please tell me the strength and the clarity of my transmission.
Received - used to acknowledge receipt of a message, i.e, YOUR NUMBER...RECEIVED. In cases of language difficulties, the word 'ROMEO' is used.
Say Again - repeat your message or portion referred to i.e., SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER... SAY AGAIN ADDRESS etc. (Note:- This is typical of the need to memorise all these catch phrases'. To use the word REPEAT would be wrong REPEAT is used to emphasise something).
Station Calling - used when a station receives a call, which is intended for it, but is uncertain of the identification of the calling station.
This Is - this transmission is from the station whose call sign immediately follows. In cases of language difficulties the abbreviation DE spoken as DELTA ECHO is used
Wait - if a called station is unable to accept traffic immediately it will reply to you with the proword WAIT....Minutes
If the probable duration of the waiting time exceeds 10 minutes the reason for the delay should be given.
Word After or Word Before - used after the proword SAY.
Again - to request repetition of a portion of a radiogram or message.
Wrong - reply to a repetition of a radio telegram that has been preceded by the proword's 'I READ BACK, when it has been incorrectly repeated.
The phonetic alphabet
A Alfa AL FAH
B Bravo BRAH VO
C Charlie CHAR LEE
D Delta DELL TAH
E Echo ECK OH
F Foxtrot FOKS TROT
G Golf GOLF
H Hotel HOH TELL
I India IN DEE AH
J Juliet JEW LEE ETT
K Kilo KEY LOH
L Lima LEE MAH
M Mike MIKE
N November NO VEM BER
O Oscar 0SS CAH
P Papa PAH PAH
Q Quebec KEH BECK
R Romeo ROW ME OH
S Sierra SEE AIR RAH
T Tango TANG GO
U Uniform YOU NEE FORM
V Victor VIK TAH
W Whiskey WISS KEY
X X-ray ECKS RAY
Y Yankee YANG KEY
Z Zulu ZOO LOO
The phonetic numbering system
o Wun
o Too
o Tree
o Fow-er
o Fife
o Six
o Sev-en
o Ait
o Nin-er
o Zero,
o Decimal
Monday 14 January 2013
Sunday 6 January 2013
Knots
A
Adjustable bend - can be easily lengthened or shortened
Adjustable hitch (taut-line hitch) - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Adjustable loop (slip knot) - attach a line to an object and tighten when tension is applied to the free end of the line
Albright knot (Albright special) - used to tie two different diameters of line together, for instance to tie monofilament to braid
Alpine coil (mountaineer's coil) - method used by climbers for carrying a rope
Alternate ring hitching - covering a ring in hitching can prevent damage
Anchor bend - attaching a rope to a ring or similar termination
Angler's knot (fisherman's knot) - a knot for joining two lines with a symmetrical structure
Angler's loop - knot which forms a fixed loop. Useful for fine or slippery line, it is one of the few loop knots which holds well in bungee cord.
Arbor knot - attach fishing line to the arbor of a fishing reel
Artillery loop aka manharness knot - a knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes
Ashley's bend - used to securely join the ends of two ropes together
Ashley's stopper knot - trefoil-faced stopper at the end of the rope
Axle hitch - used to tie a hitch in a hard-to-reach place
B
Bachmann knot - friction hitch useful when the knot needs to be reset quickly/often
Bag knot (miller's knot) - binding knot used to secure the opening of a sack or bag
Bait loop (bumper knot) - secures soft or loose bait in fishing
Bale sling hitch - continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object
Barrel hitch (barrel sling) - suspends an object
Barrel knot (blood knot) - joins sections of monofilament nylon line while maintaining much of the line's inherent strength
Barrel sling (barrel hitch) - suspends an object
Becket hitch - any hitch made on an eye loop
Beer knot - bend used in tubular webbing as in slings used in rock climbing
Bimini twist - fishing knot used for offshore trolling and sportsfishing
Blackwall hitch - temporary means of attaching a rope to a hook
Blake's hitch - friction hitch commonly used by arborists and tree climbers as an ascending knot
Blood knot (barrel knot) - joins sections of monofilament nylon line while maintaining much of the line's inherent strength
Blood loop knot (dropper loop) - forms a loop which is off to the side of the line
Boa knot - binding knot
Boom hitch - attach a line to a fixed object like a pipe
Bottle sling (jug sling) - used to create a handle for a container with a narrow tapering neck
Bowen knot (heraldic knot) - not a true knot (an unknot), a continuous loop of rope laid out as an upright square shape with loops at each of the four corners
Bowline - forms a fixed loop at the end of a rope
Bowline on a bight - makes a pair of fixed-size loops in the middle of a rope
Bumper knot - secures soft or loose bait in fishing
Buntline hitch - attach a rope to an object
Butterfly bend - connects two ends of rope
Butterfly loop (alpine butterfly) - forms a fixed loop in the middle of a rope
C
Carrick bend - joins two lines of heavy rope or cable
Carrick mat - flat woven decorative knot which can be used as a mat or pad
Cat's paw - connects a rope to an object
Catshank - variant of the sheepshank, clinched by two overhand knots with the bights passed through the twists
Chain sinnet - method of shortening a rope or other cable
Chain stitch - a sewing and embroidery technique in which a series of looped stitches form a chain-like pattern
Cleat "knot"
Clove hitch - two successive half-hitches around an object
Common whipping - series of knots intended to stop a rope from unraveling
Constrictor knot - series of knots intended to stop a rope from unraveling
Continuous ring hitching - series of identical hitches made around a ring
Corned beef knot - binding knot often used for binding the meat of the same name while it is being cooked
Cow hitch - hitch knot used to attach a rope to an object
Cow hitch and bowline (bale sling hitch or strap hitch) - uses a continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object in order to hoist or lower it
Cowboy bowline - variation of the bowline loop knot
D
Diagonal lashing - lashing to bind spars or poles together to prevent racking
Diamond knot - (knife lanyard knot) for forming a decorative loop on the end of a cord
Directional figure eight - (inline figure-eight loop) loop knot that can be made on the bight
Distel hitch - sercure friction hitch used for rope climbing
Dogshank - variant of the sheepshank where the eyes formed at each end have the ends of the rope passed through
Double anchorman knot - two or more pieces of rope joined together
Double bowline - (round turn bowline) loop knot that uses a round turn
Double carrick bend - join two lines together
Double constrictor knot - binding knot that can be difficult to untie once tightened
Double Englishman's knot - (grapevine knot) joins two lengths of rope
Double figure eight bend - joins two ropes of roughly similar size
Double figure-eight loop - forms two parallel loops
Double figure eight - (stevedore knot) bulky stopper knot often tied near the end of a rope that is secure-when-slack
Double fisherman knot - (grapevine knot) joins two lengths of rope
Double loop - for making loops at the end of lines similar to the Surgeon's knot, but with a double strand
Double overhand - extension of the regular overhand knot, made with one additional pass
Double overhand noose - hitch knot used to bind a rope to a carabiner
Double pile hitch - attaches a rope to a pole or other structure
Double sheet bend - doubles a sheet bend by making an additional round turn below the first and again bringing the working end back under itself
Double windsor (for use in neckties) - method of tying a necktie around one's neck and collar
Dropper loop - forms a loop which is off to the side of the line
Dutch marine bowline - (cowboy bowline) variation of the bowline loop knot
E
Egg loop aka bumper knot - secures soft or loose bait in fishing applications
Englishman's knot - (fisherman's knot) a bend consisting of two overhand knots, each tied around the standing part of the other
Eskimo bowline - places a loop in the end of a rope
European death knot - (overhand bend) joins two ropes together
Eye splice - creates a permanent loop in the end of multi stranded rope by means of rope splicing
F
Falconer's knot - used in falconry to tether a bird of prey to a perch
Farmer's loop - midline loop knot made with a bight
Farrimond friction hitch - quick release adjustable friction hitch for use on lines under tension
Fiador knot - decorative, symmetrical knot used in equine applications
Figure-of-eight follow through - type of knot created by a loop on the bight
Figure-of-eight knot aka savoy knot, Flemish knot - type of knot created by a loop on the bight
Figure-of-eight loop - type of knot created by a loop on the bight
Fireman's chair knot - knot tied in the bight forming two adjustable, lockable loops
Fisherman's bend - (anchor bend) used for attaching a rope to a ring or similar termination
Fisherman's knot - knot for joining two lines with a symmetrical structure consisting of two overhand knots, each tied around the standing part of the other
Flemish bend - knot for joining two ropes of roughly similar size
Flemish knot aka figure-of-eight knot, savoy knot - knot for joining two ropes of roughly similar size
French bowline - variant of the bowline with two loops
G
Garda hitch - (alpine clutch) climbing knot that lets the rope move in only one direction
Granny knot - secures a rope or line around an object
Grief knot - (what knot) combines features of granny knot and thief knot
Ground-line hitch - attaches a rope to an object
H
Hackamore - type of animal headgear which does not have a bit
Half blood knot - (clinch knot) for securing a fishing line to a fishing lure, snap or swivel
Half hitch - simple overhand knot, where the working end of a line is brought over and under the standing part
Half-Windsor knot - knot used for tying neckties
Halter hitch - connects a rope to an object
Handcuff knot - tied in the bight, having two adjustable loops in opposing directions
Hangman's noose - well-known knot most often associated with its use in hanging a person
Harness bend - used to join two ropes together
Harness hitch - knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes
Heaving line bend - used to attach playing strings to the thick silk eyes of the anchorage knot
Highwayman's hitch - insecure, quick-release, draw loop hitch for trivial use
Hitching tie - simple knot used to tie off drawstring bags that allows quick access
Honda knot aka lariat loop - loop knot commonly used in a lasso
Hunter's bend aka rigger's bend - joins two lines
I
Icicle hitch - excellent for connecting to a post when weight is applied to an end running parallel to the post in a specific direction
Improved clinch knot - used for securing a fishing line to the fishing lure
In-line figure 8 loop - loop knot that can be made on the bight
Italian hitch - simple knot commonly used by climbers and cavers as part of a life-lining or belay system
J
Jack Ketch's knot - well-known knot most often associated with its use in hanging a person
Jug sling aka bottle sling - used to create a handle for a glass or ceramic container with a slippery, narrow, tapering neck
Jury mast knot - for jury rigging a temporary mast on a sailboat or ship
K
Killick hitch - hitch knot used to attach a rope to oddly shaped objects
Klemheist knot - friction hitch that grips a rope when weight is applied, and is free to move when the weight is released
Knot of isis - ancient Egyptian symbol of the goddess Isis; similar to a knot used to secure the garments that the Egyptian gods wore
Karash Double Loop - A recently invented knot used to form leg loops as a make-shift harness
L
Lariat loop aka honda knot - loop knot commonly used in a lasso
Lark's foot - (cow hitch) used to attach a rope to an object
Lark's head - (cow hitch) used to attach a rope to an object
Left-hand bowline - variation of the bowline loop knot
Ligature knot aka surgeon's knot - simple modification to the reef knot that adds an extra twist when tying the first throw
Lighterman's hitch - ideal for heavy towing, or making fast to a post, bollard, or winch
Lineman's loop - (butterfly loop) used to form a fixed loop in the middle of a rope
Lissajous knot - knot defined by parametric equations
Lobster buoy hitch - similar to the buntline hitch, but made with a cow hitch around the standing part rather than a clove hitch
M
Magnus hitch (rolling hitch) - used to attach a rope to a rod, pole, or other rope
Manharness knot (artillery loop) - knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes
Matthew Walker's knot - decorative knot that is used to keep the end of a rope from fraying
Marlinespike hitch - temporary knot used to attach a rod to a rope in order to form a handle
Midshipman's hitch (taut-line hitch) - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Miller's knot - binding knot used to secure the opening of a sack or bag
Monkey's fist - looks somewhat like a small bunched fist/paw, most often used as the weight in a heaving line
Mountaineer's coil - method used by climbers for carrying a rope
Munter hitch - simple knot commonly used by climbers and cavers as part of a life-lining or belay system
N
Nail knot - used in fly fishing to attach the leader to the fly line
Noose - loop at the end of a rope in which the knot slides to make the loop collapsible
O
One-sided overhand bend - used to join two ropes together
Ossel hitch - used to attach a rope or line to an object
Overhand bend - used to join two ropes together
Overhand knot with draw-loop - knot in which the weight of the load depresses the loop to keep it in place
Overhand knot aka thumb knot - fundamental knot that forms the basis of many others
Oysterman's stopper knot - common overhand noose, but with the end of the rope passing through the noose eye, which closes upon it
P
Packer's knot - binding knot which is easily pulled taut and quickly locked in position
Palomar knot - used for securing a fishing line to a fishing lure, snap or swivel
Pile hitch - used for attaching rope to a pole or other structure
Poldo tackle - an instant tension-applying and tension-releasing mechanism in rope
Pratt knot - a method of tying a tie around one's neck and collar
Pretzel link knot - in knot theory, a branch of mathematics, a pretzel link is a special kind of link
Prusik knot - friction hitch or knot used to put a loop of cord around a rope
Portuguese bowline aka French bowline - variant of the bowline with two loops that are adjustable in size
Portuguese whipping -
Power cinch - (trucker's hitch) commonly used for securing loads on trucks or trailers
R
Racking bend - knot for joining two ropes of different diameter
Reef knot - simple binding knot used to secure a rope or line around an object
Rigger's bend aka hunter's bend - used to join two lines
Rigid double splayed loop in the bight - knot that contains two parallel loops
Ring bend - for joining two ends of webbing together
Ring hitch - used to attach a rope to an object
Ring knot - for joining two ends of webbing together
Rolling hitch - knot used to attach a rope to a rod, pole, or other rope
Rosendahl bend - general purpose bend knot unique in the ease with which it is untied, even after heavy loading
Round turn and two half hitches - hitch used to secure the end of a rope to a fixed object
Round turn
Running knot - knots which attach a line to an object and tighten when tension is applied to the free end of the line
S
Sailor's hitch - a secure, jam-proof hitch
Sailors knot aka Carrick bend - used for joining two lines
Savoy knot aka Figure-of-eight knot, Flemish knot - decorative, heraldic knot
Sheepshank - used to store rope
Sheet bend - joins two ropes together
Siberian hitch - used to attach a rope to an object
Simple knot - (four-in-hand knot) a method of tying a necktie
Single carrick bend - refers to different knots similar to the Carrick bend
Single hitch - an overhand knot tied around or through an object
Slip knot - knots which attach a line to an object and tighten when tension is applied; a type of knot designed to bind one end of a rope to the middle of another
Slipped buntline hitch - used for attaching a rope to an object
Slippery eight loop - adjustable loop knot
Slippery hitch - used to attach a line to a rod or bar
Snell Knot
Snuggle hitch - a modification of the clove hitch
Span loop - non-jamming loop that can be tied in the middle of a rope
Spanish bowline - double loop knot
Splice - the forming of a semi-permanent joint between two ropes
Square knot - used to secure a rope or line around an object
Square lashing - used to bind poles together
Square turk's head - decorative knot with a variable number of interwoven strands, forming a closed loop
Stein knot - variation of the Figure 8 knot
Stevedore knot - a stopper knot often tied near the end of a rope
Strangle knot - a simple binding knot
Strap hitch - uses a continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object
Surgeon's knot aka ligature knot - modification to the reef knot
Surgeon's loop - similar to the Surgeon's knot but with a double strand
Schwabisch knot - friction hitch used for rope climbing
T
Tarbuck knot - used by climbers and was primarily used with stranded nylon rope
Taut-line hitch - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Tent hitch - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Thief knot - resembles the reef knot except that the free, or working, ends are on opposite sides
Thumb knot aka overhand knot - one of the most fundamental knots and forms the basis of many others
Tiggap knot
Timber hitch - used to attach a single length of rope to a cylindrical object
Tom fool's knot - good knot with which to commence a slightly fancy sheepshank
Trefoil knot - simplest example of a nontrivial knot in mathematics
Trident loop - fixed loop knot
Triple bowline - variation of the bowline knot that is used to create three loops on one knot simultaneously
Triple crown knot - double loop knot
Triple fisherman's knot - a bend knot used to join two ends of rope together
Trucker's hitch - used for securing loads on trucks or trailers
True lover's knot - a name which has been used for many distinct knots
Tug boat hitch - ideal for heavy towing, or making fast to a post, bollard, or winch
Turle knot - used while fishing for tying a hook or fly to a leader
Twined turk's head - decorative knot with a variable number of interwoven strands forming a closed loop
Two half hitches - an overhand knot tied around a post, followed by a half-hitch
Two strand overhand knot - used to join two ropes together
U
Underwriter's knot
Uni knot - fishing knot used to attach fishing line to the arbor of a reel
V
Valdotain tresse - easily adjustable friction hitch used for rope climbing
Versatackle knot - simulates a block and tackle without actual pulleys or deadeyes
Vibration-proof hitch - used for fastening a line or rope to a solid object
W
Wagoner's hitch - compound knot commonly used for securing loads on trucks or trailers
Water bowline - type of knot designed for use in wet conditions where other knots may slip or jam
Water knot - frequently used in climbing for joining two ends of webbing together
Waterman's knot - a bend with a symmetrical structure consisting of two overhand knots, each tied around the standing part of the other
West country whipping - uses twine to secure the end of a rope to prevent it fraying
Windsor knot - a method of tying a necktie around one's neck and collar
Y
Yosemite bowline - a medium security loop knot
Z
Zeppelin bend - a secure, easily tied, and jam-proof way to connect two ropes
Zeppelin loop - (Rosendahl Loop) a secure, jam resistant loop knot based on the zeppelin bend
Adjustable bend - can be easily lengthened or shortened
Adjustable hitch (taut-line hitch) - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Adjustable loop (slip knot) - attach a line to an object and tighten when tension is applied to the free end of the line
Albright knot (Albright special) - used to tie two different diameters of line together, for instance to tie monofilament to braid
Alpine coil (mountaineer's coil) - method used by climbers for carrying a rope
Alternate ring hitching - covering a ring in hitching can prevent damage
Anchor bend - attaching a rope to a ring or similar termination
Angler's knot (fisherman's knot) - a knot for joining two lines with a symmetrical structure
Angler's loop - knot which forms a fixed loop. Useful for fine or slippery line, it is one of the few loop knots which holds well in bungee cord.
Arbor knot - attach fishing line to the arbor of a fishing reel
Artillery loop aka manharness knot - a knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes
Ashley's bend - used to securely join the ends of two ropes together
Ashley's stopper knot - trefoil-faced stopper at the end of the rope
Axle hitch - used to tie a hitch in a hard-to-reach place
B
Bachmann knot - friction hitch useful when the knot needs to be reset quickly/often
Bag knot (miller's knot) - binding knot used to secure the opening of a sack or bag
Bait loop (bumper knot) - secures soft or loose bait in fishing
Bale sling hitch - continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object
Barrel hitch (barrel sling) - suspends an object
Barrel knot (blood knot) - joins sections of monofilament nylon line while maintaining much of the line's inherent strength
Barrel sling (barrel hitch) - suspends an object
Becket hitch - any hitch made on an eye loop
Beer knot - bend used in tubular webbing as in slings used in rock climbing
Bimini twist - fishing knot used for offshore trolling and sportsfishing
Blackwall hitch - temporary means of attaching a rope to a hook
Blake's hitch - friction hitch commonly used by arborists and tree climbers as an ascending knot
Blood knot (barrel knot) - joins sections of monofilament nylon line while maintaining much of the line's inherent strength
Blood loop knot (dropper loop) - forms a loop which is off to the side of the line
Boa knot - binding knot
Boom hitch - attach a line to a fixed object like a pipe
Bottle sling (jug sling) - used to create a handle for a container with a narrow tapering neck
Bowen knot (heraldic knot) - not a true knot (an unknot), a continuous loop of rope laid out as an upright square shape with loops at each of the four corners
Bowline - forms a fixed loop at the end of a rope
Bowline on a bight - makes a pair of fixed-size loops in the middle of a rope
Bumper knot - secures soft or loose bait in fishing
Buntline hitch - attach a rope to an object
Butterfly bend - connects two ends of rope
Butterfly loop (alpine butterfly) - forms a fixed loop in the middle of a rope
C
Carrick bend - joins two lines of heavy rope or cable
Carrick mat - flat woven decorative knot which can be used as a mat or pad
Cat's paw - connects a rope to an object
Catshank - variant of the sheepshank, clinched by two overhand knots with the bights passed through the twists
Chain sinnet - method of shortening a rope or other cable
Chain stitch - a sewing and embroidery technique in which a series of looped stitches form a chain-like pattern
Cleat "knot"
Clove hitch - two successive half-hitches around an object
Common whipping - series of knots intended to stop a rope from unraveling
Constrictor knot - series of knots intended to stop a rope from unraveling
Continuous ring hitching - series of identical hitches made around a ring
Corned beef knot - binding knot often used for binding the meat of the same name while it is being cooked
Cow hitch - hitch knot used to attach a rope to an object
Cow hitch and bowline (bale sling hitch or strap hitch) - uses a continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object in order to hoist or lower it
Cowboy bowline - variation of the bowline loop knot
D
Diagonal lashing - lashing to bind spars or poles together to prevent racking
Diamond knot - (knife lanyard knot) for forming a decorative loop on the end of a cord
Directional figure eight - (inline figure-eight loop) loop knot that can be made on the bight
Distel hitch - sercure friction hitch used for rope climbing
Dogshank - variant of the sheepshank where the eyes formed at each end have the ends of the rope passed through
Double anchorman knot - two or more pieces of rope joined together
Double bowline - (round turn bowline) loop knot that uses a round turn
Double carrick bend - join two lines together
Double constrictor knot - binding knot that can be difficult to untie once tightened
Double Englishman's knot - (grapevine knot) joins two lengths of rope
Double figure eight bend - joins two ropes of roughly similar size
Double figure-eight loop - forms two parallel loops
Double figure eight - (stevedore knot) bulky stopper knot often tied near the end of a rope that is secure-when-slack
Double fisherman knot - (grapevine knot) joins two lengths of rope
Double loop - for making loops at the end of lines similar to the Surgeon's knot, but with a double strand
Double overhand - extension of the regular overhand knot, made with one additional pass
Double overhand noose - hitch knot used to bind a rope to a carabiner
Double pile hitch - attaches a rope to a pole or other structure
Double sheet bend - doubles a sheet bend by making an additional round turn below the first and again bringing the working end back under itself
Double windsor (for use in neckties) - method of tying a necktie around one's neck and collar
Dropper loop - forms a loop which is off to the side of the line
Dutch marine bowline - (cowboy bowline) variation of the bowline loop knot
E
Egg loop aka bumper knot - secures soft or loose bait in fishing applications
Englishman's knot - (fisherman's knot) a bend consisting of two overhand knots, each tied around the standing part of the other
Eskimo bowline - places a loop in the end of a rope
European death knot - (overhand bend) joins two ropes together
Eye splice - creates a permanent loop in the end of multi stranded rope by means of rope splicing
F
Falconer's knot - used in falconry to tether a bird of prey to a perch
Farmer's loop - midline loop knot made with a bight
Farrimond friction hitch - quick release adjustable friction hitch for use on lines under tension
Fiador knot - decorative, symmetrical knot used in equine applications
Figure-of-eight follow through - type of knot created by a loop on the bight
Figure-of-eight knot aka savoy knot, Flemish knot - type of knot created by a loop on the bight
Figure-of-eight loop - type of knot created by a loop on the bight
Fireman's chair knot - knot tied in the bight forming two adjustable, lockable loops
Fisherman's bend - (anchor bend) used for attaching a rope to a ring or similar termination
Fisherman's knot - knot for joining two lines with a symmetrical structure consisting of two overhand knots, each tied around the standing part of the other
Flemish bend - knot for joining two ropes of roughly similar size
Flemish knot aka figure-of-eight knot, savoy knot - knot for joining two ropes of roughly similar size
French bowline - variant of the bowline with two loops
G
Garda hitch - (alpine clutch) climbing knot that lets the rope move in only one direction
Granny knot - secures a rope or line around an object
Grief knot - (what knot) combines features of granny knot and thief knot
Ground-line hitch - attaches a rope to an object
H
Hackamore - type of animal headgear which does not have a bit
Half blood knot - (clinch knot) for securing a fishing line to a fishing lure, snap or swivel
Half hitch - simple overhand knot, where the working end of a line is brought over and under the standing part
Half-Windsor knot - knot used for tying neckties
Halter hitch - connects a rope to an object
Handcuff knot - tied in the bight, having two adjustable loops in opposing directions
Hangman's noose - well-known knot most often associated with its use in hanging a person
Harness bend - used to join two ropes together
Harness hitch - knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes
Heaving line bend - used to attach playing strings to the thick silk eyes of the anchorage knot
Highwayman's hitch - insecure, quick-release, draw loop hitch for trivial use
Hitching tie - simple knot used to tie off drawstring bags that allows quick access
Honda knot aka lariat loop - loop knot commonly used in a lasso
Hunter's bend aka rigger's bend - joins two lines
I
Icicle hitch - excellent for connecting to a post when weight is applied to an end running parallel to the post in a specific direction
Improved clinch knot - used for securing a fishing line to the fishing lure
In-line figure 8 loop - loop knot that can be made on the bight
Italian hitch - simple knot commonly used by climbers and cavers as part of a life-lining or belay system
J
Jack Ketch's knot - well-known knot most often associated with its use in hanging a person
Jug sling aka bottle sling - used to create a handle for a glass or ceramic container with a slippery, narrow, tapering neck
Jury mast knot - for jury rigging a temporary mast on a sailboat or ship
K
Killick hitch - hitch knot used to attach a rope to oddly shaped objects
Klemheist knot - friction hitch that grips a rope when weight is applied, and is free to move when the weight is released
Knot of isis - ancient Egyptian symbol of the goddess Isis; similar to a knot used to secure the garments that the Egyptian gods wore
Karash Double Loop - A recently invented knot used to form leg loops as a make-shift harness
L
Lariat loop aka honda knot - loop knot commonly used in a lasso
Lark's foot - (cow hitch) used to attach a rope to an object
Lark's head - (cow hitch) used to attach a rope to an object
Left-hand bowline - variation of the bowline loop knot
Ligature knot aka surgeon's knot - simple modification to the reef knot that adds an extra twist when tying the first throw
Lighterman's hitch - ideal for heavy towing, or making fast to a post, bollard, or winch
Lineman's loop - (butterfly loop) used to form a fixed loop in the middle of a rope
Lissajous knot - knot defined by parametric equations
Lobster buoy hitch - similar to the buntline hitch, but made with a cow hitch around the standing part rather than a clove hitch
M
Magnus hitch (rolling hitch) - used to attach a rope to a rod, pole, or other rope
Manharness knot (artillery loop) - knot with a loop on the bight for non-critical purposes
Matthew Walker's knot - decorative knot that is used to keep the end of a rope from fraying
Marlinespike hitch - temporary knot used to attach a rod to a rope in order to form a handle
Midshipman's hitch (taut-line hitch) - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Miller's knot - binding knot used to secure the opening of a sack or bag
Monkey's fist - looks somewhat like a small bunched fist/paw, most often used as the weight in a heaving line
Mountaineer's coil - method used by climbers for carrying a rope
Munter hitch - simple knot commonly used by climbers and cavers as part of a life-lining or belay system
N
Nail knot - used in fly fishing to attach the leader to the fly line
Noose - loop at the end of a rope in which the knot slides to make the loop collapsible
O
One-sided overhand bend - used to join two ropes together
Ossel hitch - used to attach a rope or line to an object
Overhand bend - used to join two ropes together
Overhand knot with draw-loop - knot in which the weight of the load depresses the loop to keep it in place
Overhand knot aka thumb knot - fundamental knot that forms the basis of many others
Oysterman's stopper knot - common overhand noose, but with the end of the rope passing through the noose eye, which closes upon it
P
Packer's knot - binding knot which is easily pulled taut and quickly locked in position
Palomar knot - used for securing a fishing line to a fishing lure, snap or swivel
Pile hitch - used for attaching rope to a pole or other structure
Poldo tackle - an instant tension-applying and tension-releasing mechanism in rope
Pratt knot - a method of tying a tie around one's neck and collar
Pretzel link knot - in knot theory, a branch of mathematics, a pretzel link is a special kind of link
Prusik knot - friction hitch or knot used to put a loop of cord around a rope
Portuguese bowline aka French bowline - variant of the bowline with two loops that are adjustable in size
Portuguese whipping -
Power cinch - (trucker's hitch) commonly used for securing loads on trucks or trailers
R
Racking bend - knot for joining two ropes of different diameter
Reef knot - simple binding knot used to secure a rope or line around an object
Rigger's bend aka hunter's bend - used to join two lines
Rigid double splayed loop in the bight - knot that contains two parallel loops
Ring bend - for joining two ends of webbing together
Ring hitch - used to attach a rope to an object
Ring knot - for joining two ends of webbing together
Rolling hitch - knot used to attach a rope to a rod, pole, or other rope
Rosendahl bend - general purpose bend knot unique in the ease with which it is untied, even after heavy loading
Round turn and two half hitches - hitch used to secure the end of a rope to a fixed object
Round turn
Running knot - knots which attach a line to an object and tighten when tension is applied to the free end of the line
S
Sailor's hitch - a secure, jam-proof hitch
Sailors knot aka Carrick bend - used for joining two lines
Savoy knot aka Figure-of-eight knot, Flemish knot - decorative, heraldic knot
Sheepshank - used to store rope
Sheet bend - joins two ropes together
Siberian hitch - used to attach a rope to an object
Simple knot - (four-in-hand knot) a method of tying a necktie
Single carrick bend - refers to different knots similar to the Carrick bend
Single hitch - an overhand knot tied around or through an object
Slip knot - knots which attach a line to an object and tighten when tension is applied; a type of knot designed to bind one end of a rope to the middle of another
Slipped buntline hitch - used for attaching a rope to an object
Slippery eight loop - adjustable loop knot
Slippery hitch - used to attach a line to a rod or bar
Snell Knot
Snuggle hitch - a modification of the clove hitch
Span loop - non-jamming loop that can be tied in the middle of a rope
Spanish bowline - double loop knot
Splice - the forming of a semi-permanent joint between two ropes
Square knot - used to secure a rope or line around an object
Square lashing - used to bind poles together
Square turk's head - decorative knot with a variable number of interwoven strands, forming a closed loop
Stein knot - variation of the Figure 8 knot
Stevedore knot - a stopper knot often tied near the end of a rope
Strangle knot - a simple binding knot
Strap hitch - uses a continuous loop of strap to form a cow hitch around an object
Surgeon's knot aka ligature knot - modification to the reef knot
Surgeon's loop - similar to the Surgeon's knot but with a double strand
Schwabisch knot - friction hitch used for rope climbing
T
Tarbuck knot - used by climbers and was primarily used with stranded nylon rope
Taut-line hitch - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Tent hitch - adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension
Thief knot - resembles the reef knot except that the free, or working, ends are on opposite sides
Thumb knot aka overhand knot - one of the most fundamental knots and forms the basis of many others
Tiggap knot
Timber hitch - used to attach a single length of rope to a cylindrical object
Tom fool's knot - good knot with which to commence a slightly fancy sheepshank
Trefoil knot - simplest example of a nontrivial knot in mathematics
Trident loop - fixed loop knot
Triple bowline - variation of the bowline knot that is used to create three loops on one knot simultaneously
Triple crown knot - double loop knot
Triple fisherman's knot - a bend knot used to join two ends of rope together
Trucker's hitch - used for securing loads on trucks or trailers
True lover's knot - a name which has been used for many distinct knots
Tug boat hitch - ideal for heavy towing, or making fast to a post, bollard, or winch
Turle knot - used while fishing for tying a hook or fly to a leader
Twined turk's head - decorative knot with a variable number of interwoven strands forming a closed loop
Two half hitches - an overhand knot tied around a post, followed by a half-hitch
Two strand overhand knot - used to join two ropes together
U
Underwriter's knot
Uni knot - fishing knot used to attach fishing line to the arbor of a reel
V
Valdotain tresse - easily adjustable friction hitch used for rope climbing
Versatackle knot - simulates a block and tackle without actual pulleys or deadeyes
Vibration-proof hitch - used for fastening a line or rope to a solid object
W
Wagoner's hitch - compound knot commonly used for securing loads on trucks or trailers
Water bowline - type of knot designed for use in wet conditions where other knots may slip or jam
Water knot - frequently used in climbing for joining two ends of webbing together
Waterman's knot - a bend with a symmetrical structure consisting of two overhand knots, each tied around the standing part of the other
West country whipping - uses twine to secure the end of a rope to prevent it fraying
Windsor knot - a method of tying a necktie around one's neck and collar
Y
Yosemite bowline - a medium security loop knot
Z
Zeppelin bend - a secure, easily tied, and jam-proof way to connect two ropes
Zeppelin loop - (Rosendahl Loop) a secure, jam resistant loop knot based on the zeppelin bend
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